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Mark G. Thomas (born 5 June 1964 on Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, England) is a human evolutionary geneticist, Professor of Evolutionary Genetics at the Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment at University College London. He was formerly a researcher in the department of Biological Anthropology at the University of Cambridge.〔(Prof Mark Thomas ), UCL School of Life and Medical Sciences〕 == Scientific career == Thomas is notable for a number of scientific publications in the fields of human demographic and evolutionary history inference, molecular phylogenetics of extinct species using ancient DNA, Cultural evolutionary modelling, and molecular biology. In 1994 Thomas was one of the first people to read the DNA sequence of the extinct woolly mammoth〔Hagelberg et al., 1994; Thomas et al., 2000a〕 and in 1998 he coauthored a paper providing genetic support to the claim of recent patrilineal common ancestry among the Jewish priestly caste known as Kohanim (singular "Kohen", "Cohen", or Kohane). Between 2000 and 2003 Thomas coauthored several other papers on the origins of various Jewish and Judaic groups, including the Lemba, otherwise known as the "Black Jews of Southern Africa".〔Thomas et al., 2000b.〕 In 2002 Thomas coauthored a paper providing Y chromosome evidence for a very high Anglo-Saxon component of patrilineal ancestry in central England.〔Weale et al., 2002.〕 This result proved unpalatable for many archaeologists and led to Thomas developing the "apartheid-like social structure" model〔Thomas et al., 2006〕 to explain the discrepancy between archaeological and genetic estimates of the scale of Anglo-Saxon migration. Thomas has also worked extensively on the evolution of lactase persistence (see Lactose intolerance), the ability of some humans to produce the enzyme lactase throughout their adult life and thus to consume appreciable quantities of fresh milk without the discomforts of lactose malabsorption. In 2004 he led a study to show that most lactase persistent Africans did not have the same mutation causing it as Europeans.〔Charlotte A. Mulcare, Michael E. Weale, Abigail L . Jones, Bruce Connell, David Zeitlin, Ayele Tarekegn, Dallas M. Swallow, Neil Bradman and Mark G. Thomas (2004) (The T allele located 13.9 kb upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) (C-13.9kbT) does not predict or cause the lactase persistence phenotype in Africans. ) American Journal of Human Genetics 74: pp1102–1110.〕 In 2007, in collaboration with Joachim Burger's group in Mainz, Germany, he showed that the genetic variant that causes lactase persistence in most Europeans (-13,910 *T) was rare or absent in early farmers from central Europe.〔J. Burger, M. Kirchner, B. Bramanti, W. Haak, M. G. Thomas (2007) (Absence of the Lactase-Persistence associated allele in early Neolithic Europeans ). Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 104: pp3736-3741.〕 In 2009 Thomas led a computer simulation study indicating that lactase persistence started to co-evolve with the culture of dairying in the LBK (Linearbandkeramik) culture.〔Yuval Itan, Adam Powell, Mark A. Beaumont, Joachim Burger and Mark G. Thomas (2009) (The Origins of Lactase Persistence in Europe ). PLoS Comput Biol 5(8): e1000491.〕 In 2009 – in collaboration with Prof Stephen Shennan and Dr Adam Powell – Thomas published a study in the journal ''Science'' showing that population density and or migratory activity are likely to be a major determinants in the maintenance or loss of culturally inherited skills, and that this seemed to explain a number of curious features of the appearance of behavioural modernity in humans at different times in different parts of the world.〔Powell, A., Shennan, S., and Thomas, M.G. (2009) Late Pleistocene Demography and the Appearance of Modern Human Behavior. ''Science'' 324: pp. 1298–1301 ()〕〔( Blood and Treasure ), ''The Economist'', Jun 4th 2009〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mark G. Thomas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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